Black First of the Day

Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784)

Poet

Born in Gambia in 1753, Phillis Wheatley was brought to the United States as a slave and received her name from Mrs. Susannah Wheatley, the wife of the Boston tailor who had bought Phillis.

Wheatley received her early education in the household of her master. Her interest in writing stemmed from her reading of the Bible and the classics under the guidance of the Wheatleys' daughter, Mary.

In 1770, her first poem was printed under the title "A Poem by Phillis, A Negro Girl, on the Death of Reverend George Whitefield." Her book Poems on Various Subjects: Religious and Moral was published in London in 1773. After a trip to England for health reasons she later returned to the United States, and was married. She published the poem "Liberty and Peace" in 1784, shortly before her death. Most of the old books of her poems, letters, and memories about her life were reprinted in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Two books about her are Julian D. Mason Jr.'s The Poems of Phillis Wheatley (1966) and William H. Robinson's Phillis Wheatley, A Biography (1981). Robinson also compiled and published Phillis Wheatley: A Biography (1981).

Although George Washington was among her admirers (she had once sent him a tributary poem, which he graciously acknowledged), her poetry is considered important today largely because of its historical role in the growth of black literature. Wheatley's poetry reflects AngloSaxon models, rather than her African heritage. It is nevertheless a typical example of the verse manufactured in a territory--the British colonies--not yet divorced from its maternal origins. Wheatley died on December 5, 1784.

From African American Almanac: 400 Years of Triumph, Courage and Excellence by Lean'tin Bracks, © 2012 Visible Ink Press®. A wealth of milestones, inspiration, and challenges met . . .